Since Russia launched its large‑scale invasion in 2022, tens of thousands of people have been killed and millions forced from their homes. The United Nations refugee agency estimates that around 10.6 million Ukrainians are displaced, including people uprooted within the country and refugees abroad.

The war has inflicted immense damage on homes, infrastructure, schools, and hospitals. According to a recent joint assessment by Ukraine’s government, the World Bank, the European Commission, and the United Nations, about 13 % of the country’s housing stock; over 2.5 million households has been damaged or destroyed.

The same assessment finds that direct physical damage is valued at around $176 billion, and the total cost of reconstruction and recovery over the next decade is estimated at approximately $524 billion, nearly three times Ukraine’s expected 2024 economic output.

Millions still require humanitarian assistance as civilian infrastructure and services struggle to keep pace with need, and the scale of destruction continues to shape both short‑term support and long‑term rebuilding efforts.